Which of the following is an oral finding associated with chronic renal failure?

• A. Reduced saliva, increased caries
• B. Increased saliva, reduced caries
• C. No mucosal changes
• D. Normal mouth

Answer: (A)

Chronic renal failure often disrupts fluid balance and salivary function, leading to dry mouth (xerostomia). Saliva is a natural defense for teeth: it buffers acids, washes away sugars and bacteria, and supplies minerals for remineralization. When saliva production decreases, the oral environment becomes drier and less able to neutralize acids, so demineralization of enamel occurs more easily, increasing the risk for dental caries. That connection between reduced saliva and higher caries risk is why this option is the best match. Other oral signs can occur in chronic kidney disease—such as altered tastes, uremic breath, or mucosal changes—but the clear, direct link is xerostomia leading to more caries.