Which of the following are factors affecting behavior change?

• A. Capability; Motivation; Opportunity
• B. Age; Gender; Income
• C. Diet; Exercise; Sleep
• D. Education; Income; Neighborhood

Answer: (A)

Behavior change happens when a person can actually perform the new behavior, wants to do it, and has the right environment to do it. This means capability (skills and knowledge), motivation (desire and willingness), and opportunity (time, resources, and social/physical surroundings) all need to align. The option that lists capability, motivation, and opportunity fits this framework exactly, making it the best choice. Demographic factors like age, gender, or income can influence behavior but aren’t the direct enablers of change; and the other items describe either targets of change (diet, exercise, sleep) or broader context rather than the three active drivers of behavior.