The risk of preterm birth is doubled when the pregnant mother has what condition?

• A. During the first trimester
• B. When the pregnant mother has periodontitis
• C. During labor
• D. Postpartum

Answer: (B)

Infections and inflammation can influence pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth. Periodontitis is a chronic gum infection that can raise systemic inflammatory mediators and allow oral bacteria or their byproducts to reach the placenta. This inflammatory milieu can promote uterine contractions or membrane rupture, contributing to a higher risk of preterm birth. Some studies estimate about a twofold increase in risk for women with periodontal disease, which is why this condition is linked to doubling the risk. The other options describe timing during pregnancy or postpartum, not a health condition that drives this risk, so they don’t explain the increased likelihood. Maintaining good oral health during pregnancy is a practical step to help mitigate this risk.