Candidiasis is associated with which of the following conditions?

• A. Decreased saliva
• B. Modulated immunity
• C. Dysbiosis
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Candidiasis tends to arise when the balance that normally keeps Candida in check is disrupted. Reduced saliva lowers mechanical cleansing and antimicrobial protection, creating a more favorable environment for overgrowth. Modulated or weakened immunity diminishes the body's ability to control Candida, increasing susceptibility. Dysbiosis, an imbalance of the normal microbiota, reduces bacterial competition and can alter the environment to support fungal growth. Together, these factors commonly occur and all contribute to the development of candidiasis, so anything that causes dry mouth, immune compromise, or microbial imbalance raises the risk.