Alzheimer's patients are at high risk for which oral health conditions?

• A. Periodontal disease and caries
• B. Oral thrush
• C. Oral cancer
• D. None of the above

Answer: (A)

The main idea is that Alzheimer's often leads to poorer oral hygiene and changes in saliva, which together raise the risk of two common dental problems: periodontal disease and dental caries. As memory and dexterity decline, people may skip brushing, neglect dentures, and have less effective plaque control. Plaque bacteria produce acids that erode tooth enamel, causing caries, while inflammatory plaque can inflame gums and, over time, lead to gum disease and bone loss around teeth. Dry mouth from medications commonly used in Alzheimer's can lessen saliva’s cleansing and buffering actions, further increasing caries risk and worsening gum disease. Because these changes stem from reduced self-care and medication effects, periodontal disease and caries are the most likely oral health issues in this population. Oral thrush or oral cancer can occur, but they are not as specifically linked to the typical challenges of Alzheimer’s as these two conditions are.